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MacBinary | 1997-03-28 | 119.1 KB | [ CWWP/BOBO]
open in: MacOS 8.1
extracted
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Win98
extracted
|
DOS
extracted
view JSON data
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view as text
This file was processed as: MacBinary
(archive/macBinary ).
You can browse this item here: Pollution for ClarisWorks 3
Confidence Program Detection Match Type Support
100%
dexvert
ClarisWorks/AppleWorks Document (document/clarisWorks)
idMeta
Supported
10%
dexvert
MacBinary (archive/macBinary)
fallback
Supported
100%
file
MacBinary II, inited, Fri Mar 28 12:53:21 1997, modified Fri Mar 28 12:57:29 1997, creator Apple Works, type 'CWWP', 120722 bytes "Pollution for ClarisWorks 3" , at 0x1d812 950 bytes resource
default (weak)
99%
file
data
default
83%
TrID
Claris Works text (MacBinary)
default
16%
TrID
MacBinary 2
default (weak)
100%
siegfried
fmt/1762 MacBinary (II)
default
100%
lsar
MacBinary
default
id metadata key value macFileType [ CWWP] macFileCreator [ BOBO]
hex view +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+ |00000000| 00 1b 50 6f 6c 6c 75 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 |..Pollut|ion for | |00000010| 43 6c 61 72 69 73 57 6f | 72 6b 73 20 33 00 00 00 |ClarisWo|rks 3...| |00000020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000040| 00 43 57 57 50 42 4f 42 | 4f 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.CWWPBOB|O.......| |00000050| 00 00 00 00 01 d7 92 00 | 00 03 b6 af 61 b6 11 af |........|....a...| |00000060| 61 b7 09 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |a.......|........| |00000070| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 81 81 6a 83 00 00 |........|....j...| |00000080| 02 07 3c 03 42 4f 42 4f | 00 01 01 18 62 e0 00 00 |..<.BOBO|....b...| |00000090| 00 00 03 19 02 64 00 48 | 00 48 00 48 00 48 00 48 |.....d.H|.H.H.H.H| |000000a0| 00 48 02 d1 02 1c 01 00 | 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.H......|........| |000000b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 02 |........|........| |000000c0| 00 02 00 00 01 18 60 98 | 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 |......`.|........| |000000d0| 00 01 00 00 00 48 00 00 | 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 |.....H..|........| |000000e0| 00 01 01 18 60 88 00 00 | 00 00 02 02 00 00 00 00 |....`...|........| |000000f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 18 63 00 01 bc 00 00 |........|..c.....| |00000100| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000110| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000120| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000130| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000140| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000150| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 |........|........| |00000160| 02 1f 00 15 00 03 50 0d | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |......P.|........| |00000170| 00 00 00 00 01 18 62 ec | 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 15 |......b.|........| |00000180| 00 00 0c 01 00 00 00 01 | 02 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000190| 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 01 | 00 2d 00 00 01 00 01 00 |........|.-......| |000001a0| 00 00 00 5a 00 00 00 12 | 00 00 00 00 00 06 01 00 |...Z....|........| |000001b0| 00 00 00 01 01 d4 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000001c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000001d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 cc 00 02 ff ff |........|........| |000001e0| 00 00 00 60 00 00 00 02 | 01 bc 00 00 00 00 00 00 |...`....|........| |000001f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000200| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000210| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000220| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000230| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000240| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 1b 40 00 00 00 00 00 |........|..@.....| |00000250| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000260| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000270| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000280| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000290| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000002a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 78 00 0b 00 00 |........|...x....| |000002b0| 00 48 00 48 00 00 00 00 | 02 dc 02 40 ff ed ff ee |.H.H....|...@....| |000002c0| 03 06 02 52 1f 03 05 29 | 03 fc 00 01 00 00 01 2c |...R...)|.......,| |000002d0| 01 2c 00 00 00 00 0b ea | 09 60 01 2c 00 2d 05 a0 |.,......|.`.,.-..| |000002e0| 5e ec 00 26 02 01 01 01 | 00 18 00 01 27 0f 00 01 |^..&....|....'...| |000002f0| 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 |........|........| |00000300| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000310| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 | 00 00 00 00 04 03 04 05 |........|........| |00000320| 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000330| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 1c 00 00 ff ff |........|........| |00000340| 00 00 00 04 00 10 00 01 | 00 05 00 00 01 00 01 01 |........|........| |00000350| 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 18 7f 50 |........|.......P| |00000360| 01 00 00 00 00 01 00 04 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000370| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 | 00 00 00 01 00 27 00 00 |........|.....'..| |00000380| 00 27 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 86 |.'......|........| |00000390| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000003a0| 00 00 00 00 02 6c 00 00 | 7a 07 00 00 00 2f 00 01 |.....l..|z..../..| |000003b0| 00 01 00 b1 02 6a 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 a6 00 00 |.....j..|........| |000003c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000003d0| 03 95 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 01 18 5e c0 00 00 |........|....^...| |000003e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 18 | 5e b4 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|^.......| |000003f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 |........|........| |00000400| 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 0e 00 48 00 1a |........|.....H..| |00000410| 02 1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000420| 00 00 00 0e 00 48 00 1a | 02 1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.....H..|........| |00000430| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000440| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000450| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 18 |........|........| |00000460| 5d b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 01 a6 02 6a 00 01 |].......|.....j..| |00000470| 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 01 | 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000480| 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 18 | 83 00 00 00 00 00 01 18 |........|........| |00000490| 83 b0 0b 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000004a0| 00 01 00 08 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 01 18 60 80 00 00 |........|....`...| |000004b0| 34 b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff |4.......|........| |000004c0| ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 2a | 00 07 01 df 02 80 00 07 |.......*|........| |000004d0| 44 53 45 54 00 00 04 7a | 00 27 00 00 02 1f 00 00 |DSET...z|.'......| |000004e0| 02 1f 00 00 01 00 00 01 | 00 00 00 06 00 01 63 92 |........|......c.| |000004f0| 00 64 01 d7 00 22 00 03 | 01 18 60 ac 01 18 60 a0 |.d..."..|..`...`.| |00000500| 01 18 60 a4 01 18 60 a8 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 |..`...`.|........| |00000510| 00 00 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5e 68 00 1c 02 5a 00 00 |........|^h...Z..| |00000520| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 02 1f 01 d4 |........|........| |00000530| 02 89 01 18 5e 50 00 16 | 02 89 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....^P..|........| |00000540| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 9b 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|........| |00000550| 5e 7c 00 2e 02 84 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |^|......|........| |00000560| 00 00 00 00 0d ab 01 d4 | 02 89 01 18 62 d8 00 2e |........|....b...| |00000570| 02 84 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000580| 1b c7 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5e 28 00 2e 02 84 00 00 |........|^(......| |00000590| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 29 2e 01 d4 |........|....)...| |000005a0| 02 89 01 18 5e 2c 00 2e | 02 84 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....^,..|........| |000005b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 35 27 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|5'......| |000005c0| 5e 74 00 2e 02 84 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |^t......|........| |000005d0| 00 00 00 00 42 19 01 d4 | 02 89 01 18 5e 14 00 2e |....B...|....^...| |000005e0| 02 84 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000005f0| 4f a3 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5d f8 00 2e 02 84 00 00 |O.......|].......| |00000600| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 5b 24 01 d4 |........|....[$..| |00000610| 02 89 01 18 5e 38 00 2e | 02 84 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....^8..|........| |00000620| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 68 1c 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|h.......| |00000630| 5e 34 00 2e 02 84 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |^4......|........| |00000640| 00 00 00 00 75 0a 01 d4 | 02 89 01 18 5e 44 00 2e |....u...|....^D..| |00000650| 02 84 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000660| 81 13 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5e 3c 00 2e 02 84 00 00 |........|^<......| |00000670| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 8d 49 01 d4 |........|.....I..| |00000680| 02 89 01 18 5e 80 00 2b | 02 82 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....^..+|........| |00000690| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 98 52 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|.R......| |000006a0| 5e 40 00 28 02 80 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |^@.(....|........| |000006b0| 00 00 00 00 a1 16 01 d4 | 02 89 01 18 5e 20 00 28 |........|....^ .(| |000006c0| 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000006d0| a9 f4 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5d fc 00 28 02 80 00 00 |........|]..(....| |000006e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 b2 55 01 d4 |........|.....U..| |000006f0| 02 89 01 18 5e 30 00 28 | 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....^0.(|........| |00000700| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | bb e2 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|........| |00000710| 5d c4 00 28 02 80 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |]..(....|........| |00000720| 00 00 00 00 c5 56 01 d4 | 02 89 01 18 5d c0 00 28 |.....V..|....]..(| |00000730| 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000740| ce 39 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5e 18 00 28 02 80 00 00 |.9......|^..(....| |00000750| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 d7 f6 01 d4 |........|........| |00000760| 02 89 01 18 5d bc 00 28 | 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....]..(|........| |00000770| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | e0 62 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|.b......| |00000780| 5e 08 00 28 02 80 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |^..(....|........| |00000790| 00 00 00 00 e9 bb 01 d4 | 02 89 01 18 5d b8 00 28 |........|....]..(| |000007a0| 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000007b0| f2 9a 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5e 84 00 28 02 80 00 00 |........|^..(....| |000007c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 fb 6d 01 d4 |........|.....m..| |000007d0| 02 89 01 18 5e 88 00 28 | 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....^..(|........| |000007e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 | 04 b1 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|........| |000007f0| 5e 48 00 28 02 80 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |^H.(....|........| |00000800| 00 00 00 01 0d cd 01 d4 | 02 89 01 18 5d f4 00 28 |........|....]..(| |00000810| 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 |........|........| |00000820| 17 1c 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5d f0 00 2a 02 7e 00 00 |........|]..*.~..| |00000830| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 01 23 86 01 d4 |........|....#...| |00000840| 02 89 01 18 5d ec 00 27 | 02 81 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....]..'|........| |00000850| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 | 2c 26 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|,&......| |00000860| 5d e8 00 28 02 80 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |]..(....|........| |00000870| 00 00 00 01 35 2f 01 d4 | 02 89 01 18 5d e4 00 28 |....5/..|....]..(| |00000880| 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 |........|........| |00000890| 3d e0 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5d e0 00 28 02 87 00 00 |=.......|]..(....| |000008a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 01 46 fd 01 d4 |........|....F...| |000008b0| 02 89 01 18 5d dc 00 28 | 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....]..(|........| |000008c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 | 52 12 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|R.......| |000008d0| 5d d8 00 28 02 80 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |]..(....|........| |000008e0| 00 00 00 01 55 05 01 d4 | 02 89 01 18 5d d4 00 28 |....U...|....]..(| |000008f0| 02 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 |........|........| |00000900| 59 e2 01 d4 02 89 01 18 | 5d d0 00 13 02 81 00 00 |Y.......|].......| |00000910| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 01 5c eb 01 d4 |........|....\...| |00000920| 02 89 01 18 5d cc 00 25 | 02 7f 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....]..%|........| |00000930| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 | 62 f4 01 d4 02 89 01 18 |........|b.......| |00000940| 5e 6c 00 11 00 ee 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |^l......|........| |00000950| 00 00 00 00 0e b8 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000960| 00 3a 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.:......|........| |00000970| 01 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 1f 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000980| 01 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 34 00 00 00 00 00 00 |. ......|.4......| |00000990| 01 4c 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 5c 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.L......|.\......| |000009a0| 01 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 81 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.p......|........| |000009b0| 01 8b 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 99 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000009c0| 01 a6 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000009d0| 01 c1 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 c2 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000009e0| 01 cf 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 d5 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |000009f0| 01 dd 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 e7 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000a00| 02 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000a10| 02 1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 1d 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000a20| 02 1e 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 1f 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000a30| 02 21 00 01 00 00 00 00 | 02 22 00 01 00 00 00 00 |.!......|."......| |00000a40| 02 2c 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 2d 00 01 00 00 00 00 |.,......|.-......| |00000a50| 02 2e 00 01 00 00 00 00 | 02 37 00 01 00 00 00 00 |........|.7......| |00000a60| 02 38 00 01 00 00 00 00 | 02 56 00 01 00 00 00 00 |.8......|.V......| |00000a70| 02 5c 00 01 00 00 00 00 | 02 63 00 01 00 00 00 00 |.\......|.c......| |00000a80| 02 74 00 01 00 00 00 00 | 02 7f 00 01 00 00 00 00 |.t......|........| |00000a90| 02 83 00 01 00 00 00 00 | 02 93 00 01 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000aa0| 02 94 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 95 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000ab0| 02 96 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 97 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000ac0| 02 98 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 99 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000ad0| 02 9a 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 9b 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000ae0| 02 9c 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 9d 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000af0| 02 9e 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 9f 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000b00| 02 a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 a1 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000b10| 02 a2 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 a3 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000b20| 02 a4 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 a5 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000b30| 02 a6 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 04 59 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|.Y......| |00000b40| 14 8e 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 14 8f 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000b50| 14 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 1a bf 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000b60| 1a c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 1b dd 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000b70| 1b de 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 1b df 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000b80| 22 a6 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 22 a7 00 00 00 00 00 00 |".......|".......| |00000b90| 22 a8 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 29 45 00 00 00 00 00 00 |".......|)E......| |00000ba0| 29 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 29 47 00 00 00 00 00 00 |)F......|)G......| |00000bb0| 2e 0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 2e 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000bc0| 2e 0f 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 2e 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000bd0| 2e 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 2e 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000be0| 32 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 32 75 00 00 00 00 00 00 |2t......|2u......| |00000bf0| 37 27 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 37 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 |7'......|7(......| |00000c00| 37 29 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 3b db 00 00 00 00 00 00 |7)......|;.......| |00000c10| 3b dc 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 3b dd 00 00 00 00 00 00 |;.......|;.......| |00000c20| 3b de 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 3b df 00 00 00 00 00 00 |;.......|;.......| |00000c30| 45 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 4a 47 00 00 00 00 00 00 |EP......|JG......| |00000c40| 4a 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 4b f6 00 00 00 00 00 00 |JH......|K.......| |00000c50| 4b f7 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 4b f8 00 00 00 00 00 00 |K.......|K.......| |00000c60| 4b f9 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 52 5a 00 00 00 00 00 00 |K.......|RZ......| |00000c70| 52 5b 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 56 33 00 00 00 00 00 00 |R[......|V3......| |00000c80| 56 34 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 56 35 00 00 00 00 00 00 |V4......|V5......| |00000c90| 56 36 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 56 37 00 00 00 00 00 00 |V6......|V7......| |00000ca0| 5a 84 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 5a 85 00 00 00 00 00 00 |Z.......|Z.......| |00000cb0| 5a 86 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 5a 87 00 00 00 00 00 00 |Z.......|Z.......| |00000cc0| 5a 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 5b 55 00 00 00 00 00 00 |Z.......|[U......| |00000cd0| 61 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 61 64 00 00 00 00 00 00 |ac......|ad......| |00000ce0| 63 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 63 0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 |c.......|c.......| |00000cf0| 65 69 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 65 6a 00 00 00 00 00 00 |ei......|ej......| |00000d00| 67 bf 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 67 c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 |g.......|g.......| |00000d10| 69 fe 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 69 ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 |i.......|i.......| |00000d20| 6a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 6f bd 00 00 00 00 00 00 |j.......|o.......| |00000d30| 6f be 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 6f bf 00 00 00 00 00 00 |o.......|o.......| |00000d40| 74 0f 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 74 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 |t.......|t.......| |00000d50| 75 47 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 75 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 |uG......|uH......| |00000d60| 75 49 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 79 f3 00 00 00 00 00 00 |uI......|y.......| |00000d70| 79 f4 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 7d 61 00 00 00 00 00 00 |y.......|}a......| |00000d80| 7d 62 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 7d 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 |}b......|}c......| |00000d90| 7f 79 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 7f 7a 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.y......|.z......| |00000da0| 7f 7b 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 7f 7c 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.{......|.|......| |00000db0| 82 fc 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 82 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000dc0| 86 cb 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 86 cc 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000dd0| 87 86 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 87 87 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000de0| 87 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 8c f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000df0| 8c f1 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 8c f2 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000e00| 8c f3 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 8d 49 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|.I......| |00000e10| 8d 4a 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 8e d2 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.J......|........| |00000e20| 94 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 94 89 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000e30| 96 87 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 96 88 00 01 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000e40| 96 98 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 96 99 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000e50| 96 a9 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 96 aa 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000e60| 98 51 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 98 52 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.Q......|.R......| |00000e70| 98 60 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 98 61 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.`......|.a......| |00000e80| 9a a6 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 9a a7 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000e90| 9c 79 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 9c 7a 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.y......|.z......| |00000ea0| 9f de 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 9f df 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000eb0| 9f f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 9f f1 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000ec0| a4 8d 00 00 00 00 00 00 | a4 8e 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000ed0| a4 99 00 00 00 00 00 00 | a4 9a 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000ee0| a7 32 00 00 00 00 00 00 | a7 33 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.2......|.3......| |00000ef0| a7 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 | a7 47 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.F......|.G......| |00000f00| a8 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 | a8 f1 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000f10| a9 f4 00 00 00 00 00 00 | a9 f5 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000f20| ac 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ac 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000f30| ac 18 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ac 19 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000f40| ac f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ac f1 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000f50| ac fe 00 00 00 00 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68 | NO2; re|act with| |00002740| 20 68 79 64 72 6f 63 61 | 72 62 6f 6e 73 20 61 6e | hydroca|rbons an| |00002750| 64 20 73 75 6e 6c 69 67 | 68 74 20 74 6f 20 66 6f |d sunlig|ht to fo| |00002760| 72 6d 20 70 68 6f 74 6f | 20 63 68 65 6d 69 63 61 |rm photo| chemica| |00002770| 6c 20 6f 78 69 64 61 6e | 74 73 20 50 68 6f 74 6f |l oxidan|ts Photo| |00002780| 20 63 68 65 6d 69 63 61 | 6c 20 6f 78 69 64 61 6e | chemica|l oxidan| |00002790| 74 73 20 28 70 72 69 6d | 61 72 69 6c 79 20 6f 7a |ts (prim|arily oz| |000027a0| 6f 6e 65 20 5b 4f 33 5d | 3b 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 70 |one [O3]|; also p| |000027b0| 65 72 6f 78 79 61 63 65 | 74 79 6c 20 6e 69 74 72 |eroxyace|tyl nitr| |000027c0| 61 74 65 20 5b 50 41 4e | 5d 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6c |ate [PAN|] and al| |000027d0| 64 65 68 79 64 65 73 29 | 20 46 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 |dehydes)| Formed | |000027e0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 |in the a|tmospher| |000027f0| 65 20 62 79 20 72 65 61 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f |e by rea|ctions o| 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Healt|h standa| |00002840| 72 64 3a 20 32 33 35 20 | 6d 20 67 2f 6d 33 20 28 |rd: 235 |m g/m3 (| |00002850| 30 2e 31 32 20 70 70 6d | 29 20 6f 76 65 72 20 31 |0.12 ppm|) over 1| |00002860| 20 68 72 20 6e 6f 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e | hr no m|ore than| |00002870| 20 6f 6e 65 20 64 61 79 | 20 70 65 72 20 79 65 61 | one day| per yea| |00002880| 72 20 4e 6f 6e 20 6d 65 | 74 68 61 6e 65 20 68 79 |r Non me|thane hy| |00002890| 64 72 6f 63 61 72 62 6f | 6e 73 20 28 5b 4e 4d 48 |drocarbo|ns ([NMH| |000028a0| 43 5d 2c 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 74 69 6d 65 73 20 63 61 |C], some|times ca| |000028b0| 6c 6c 65 64 20 6e 6f 6e | 20 6d 65 74 68 61 6e 65 |lled non| methane| |000028c0| 20 6f 72 67 61 6e 69 63 | 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 75 6e | organic| compoun| |000028d0| 64 73 20 5b 4e 4d 4f 43 | 5d 20 6f 72 20 76 6f 6c |ds [NMOC|] or vol| |000028e0| 61 74 69 6c 65 20 6f 72 | 67 61 6e 69 63 20 63 6f |atile or|ganic co| |000028f0| 6d 70 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 | 5b 56 4f 43 5d 3b 20 69 |mpounds |[VOC]; i| |00002900| 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 73 20 | 65 74 68 61 6e 65 73 2c |ncludes |ethanes,| |00002910| 20 65 74 68 79 6c 65 6e | 65 2c 20 70 72 6f 70 61 | ethylen|e, propa| |00002920| 6e 65 2c 20 62 75 74 61 | 6e 65 73 2c 20 70 65 6e |ne, buta|nes, pen| |00002930| 74 61 6e 65 73 2c 20 61 | 63 65 74 79 6c 65 6e 65 |tanes, a|cetylene| |00002940| 2c 20 61 6c 64 65 68 79 | 64 65 73 2c 20 6b 65 74 |, aldehy|des, ket| |00002950| 6f 6e 65 73 2c 20 73 6f | 6c 76 65 6e 74 73 29 20 |ones, so|lvents) | |00002960| 4d 6f 74 6f 72 2d 76 65 | 68 69 63 6c 65 20 65 6d |Motor-ve|hicle em| |00002970| 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 3b | 20 73 6f 6c 76 65 6e 74 |issions;| solvent| |00002980| 20 65 76 61 70 6f 72 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 3b 20 69 6e | evapora|tion; in| |00002990| 64 75 73 74 72 69 61 6c | 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |dustrial| process| |000029a0| 65 73 3b 20 73 6f 6c 69 | 64 20 77 61 73 74 65 20 |es; soli|d waste | |000029b0| 64 69 73 70 6f 73 61 6c | 3b 20 66 75 65 6c 20 63 |disposal|; fuel c| |000029c0| 6f 6d 62 75 73 74 69 6f | 6e 3b 20 70 65 74 72 6f |ombustio|n; petro| |000029d0| 6c 65 75 6d 20 72 65 66 | 69 6e 65 72 69 65 73 3b |leum ref|ineries;| |000029e0| 20 67 61 73 6f 6c 69 6e | 65 20 73 74 61 74 69 6f | gasolin|e statio| |000029f0| 6e 73 3b 20 64 72 79 20 | 63 6c 65 61 6e 65 72 73 |ns; dry |cleaners| |00002a00| 3b 20 70 72 69 6e 74 69 | 6e 67 3b 20 6d 61 6e 79 |; printi|ng; many| |00002a10| 20 70 61 69 6e 74 73 20 | 52 65 61 63 74 20 77 69 | paints |React wi| |00002a20| 74 68 20 6e 69 74 72 6f | 67 65 6e 20 6f 78 69 64 |th nitro|gen oxid| |00002a30| 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 73 | 75 6e 6c 69 67 68 74 20 |es and s|unlight | |00002a40| 74 6f 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 | 70 68 6f 74 6f 20 63 68 |to form |photo ch| |00002a50| 65 6d 69 63 61 6c 20 6f | 78 69 64 61 6e 74 73 2e |emical o|xidants.| |00002a60| 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 56 4f | 43 27 73 2c 20 73 75 63 | Some VO|C's, suc| |00002a70| 68 20 61 73 20 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 6c 64 65 68 79 64 |h as for|maldehyd| |00002a80| 65 20 61 6e 64 20 62 65 | 6e 7a 65 6e 65 2c 20 61 |e and be|nzene, a| |00002a90| 72 65 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 | 68 61 7a 61 72 64 6f 75 |re also |hazardou| |00002aa0| 73 20 74 6f 20 68 65 61 | 6c 74 68 2e 20 43 61 72 |s to hea|lth. Car| |00002ab0| 62 6f 6e 20 64 69 6f 78 | 69 64 65 20 28 43 4f 32 |bon diox|ide (CO2| |00002ac0| 29 20 41 6c 6c 20 63 6f | 6d 62 75 73 74 69 6f 6e |) All co|mbustion| |00002ad0| 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 73 | 20 50 6f 73 73 69 62 6c | sources| Possibl| |00002ae0| 79 20 69 6e 6a 75 72 69 | 6f 75 73 20 74 6f 20 68 |y injuri|ous to h| |00002af0| 65 61 6c 74 68 20 61 74 | 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 6e 74 |ealth at| concent| |00002b00| 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 67 72 65 61 74 65 72 20 |rations |greater | |00002b10| 74 68 61 6e 20 35 30 30 | 30 20 70 70 6d 20 6f 76 |than 500|0 ppm ov| |00002b20| 65 72 20 32 2d 38 20 68 | 72 3b 20 61 74 6d 6f 73 |er 2-8 h|r; atmos| |00002b30| 70 68 65 72 69 63 20 6c | 65 76 65 6c 73 20 68 61 |pheric l|evels ha| |00002b40| 76 65 20 69 6e 63 72 65 | 61 73 65 64 20 66 72 6f |ve incre|ased fro| |00002b50| 6d 20 61 20 70 72 65 69 | 6e 64 75 73 74 72 69 61 |m a prei|ndustria| |00002b60| 6c 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 | 6f 66 20 61 62 6f 75 74 |l level |of about| |00002b70| 20 32 38 30 20 70 70 6d | 20 74 6f 20 6f 76 65 72 | 280 ppm| to over| |00002b80| 20 33 35 30 20 70 70 6d | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 350 ppm| in the | |00002b90| 31 39 39 30 73 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 72 |1990s, a|nd the r| |00002ba0| 61 74 65 20 6f 66 20 69 | 6e 63 72 65 61 73 65 20 |ate of i|ncrease | |00002bb0| 68 61 73 20 73 70 65 65 | 64 65 64 20 75 70 2e 20 |has spee|ded up. | |00002bc0| 41 69 72 20 74 6f 78 69 | 63 73 20 28 66 6f 72 20 |Air toxi|cs (for | |00002bd0| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c | 20 62 65 6e 7a 65 6e 65 |example,| benzene| |00002be0| 2c 20 62 65 72 79 6c 6c | 69 75 6d 2c 20 61 73 62 |, beryll|ium, asb| |00002bf0| 65 73 74 6f 73 2c 20 69 | 6e 6f 00 00 03 c8 72 67 |estos, i|no....rg| |00002c00| 61 6e 69 63 20 61 72 73 | 65 6e 69 63 2c 20 6d 65 |anic ars|enic, me| |00002c10| 72 63 75 72 79 2c 20 76 | 69 6e 79 6c 20 63 68 6c |rcury, v|inyl chl| |00002c20| 6f 72 69 64 65 2c 20 66 | 6f 72 6d 61 6c 64 65 68 |oride, f|ormaldeh| |00002c30| 79 64 65 29 20 53 70 65 | 63 69 66 69 63 20 74 79 |yde) Spe|cific ty| |00002c40| 70 65 73 20 6f 66 20 63 | 68 65 6d 69 63 61 6c 20 |pes of c|hemical | |00002c50| 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 65 | 73 3b 20 63 6f 6b 65 20 |processe|s; coke | |00002c60| 6f 76 65 6e 73 3b 20 62 | 75 69 6c 64 69 6e 67 20 |ovens; b|uilding | |00002c70| 64 65 6d 6f 6c 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 54 79 70 69 |demoliti|ons Typi| |00002c80| 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 63 61 | 75 73 65 20 63 61 6e 63 |cally ca|use canc| |00002c90| 65 72 2c 20 6f 72 20 61 | 72 65 20 6d 75 74 61 67 |er, or a|re mutag| |00002ca0| 65 6e 69 63 2c 20 6f 72 | 20 61 72 65 20 68 61 7a |enic, or| are haz| |00002cb0| 61 72 64 6f 75 73 20 74 | 6f 20 75 6e 62 6f 72 6e |ardous t|o unborn| |00002cc0| 20 69 6e 66 61 6e 74 73 | 2c 20 6f 72 20 63 61 75 | infants|, or cau| |00002cd0| 73 65 20 6e 65 75 72 6f | 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c 20 |se neuro|logical | |00002ce0| 64 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 | 73 2e 20 43 75 72 72 65 |disorder|s. Curre| |00002cf0| 6e 74 20 6c 65 76 65 6c | 73 20 6f 66 20 65 6d 69 |nt level|s of emi| |00002d00| 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 6d 61 | 79 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 |ssion ma|y result| |00002d10| 20 69 6e 20 31 30 30 30 | 2d 33 30 30 30 20 63 61 | in 1000|-3000 ca| |00002d20| 6e 63 65 72 20 64 65 61 | 74 68 73 20 65 61 63 68 |ncer dea|ths each| |00002d30| 20 79 65 61 72 2e 20 4e | 6f 74 65 3a 20 31 20 63 | year. N|ote: 1 c| |00002d40| 75 62 69 63 20 6d 65 74 | 65 72 20 28 31 20 6d 33 |ubic met|er (1 m3| |00002d50| 29 20 69 73 20 65 71 75 | 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 33 35 |) is equ|al to 35| |00002d60| 2e 33 20 63 75 2e 20 66 | 74 3b 20 31 20 6d 69 6c |.3 cu. f|t; 1 mil| |00002d70| 6c 69 67 72 61 6d 20 28 | 31 20 6d 20 67 29 20 69 |ligram (|1 m g) i| |00002d80| 73 20 65 71 75 61 6c 20 | 74 6f 20 30 2e 30 30 30 |s equal |to 0.000| |00002d90| 30 34 20 6f 7a 3b 20 31 | 20 6d 69 63 72 6f 67 72 |04 oz; 1| microgr| |00002da0| 61 6d 20 28 31 20 6d 20 | 67 29 20 69 73 20 65 71 |am (1 m |g) is eq| |00002db0| 75 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 30 | 2e 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 |ual to 0|.0000000| |00002dc0| 34 20 6f 7a 2e 20 45 61 | 63 68 20 79 65 61 72 20 |4 oz. Ea|ch year | |00002dd0| 69 6e 64 75 73 74 72 69 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 65 76 |industri|ally dev| |00002de0| 65 6c 6f 70 65 64 20 63 | 6f 75 6e 74 72 69 65 73 |eloped c|ountries| |00002df0| 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 | 65 20 62 69 6c 6c 69 6f | generat|e billio| |00002e00| 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 74 6f | 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 70 6f |ns of to|ns of po| |00002e10| 6c 6c 75 74 61 6e 74 73 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6d 6f |llutants|. The mo| |00002e20| 73 74 20 70 72 65 76 61 | 6c 65 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 |st preva|lent and| |00002e30| 20 77 69 64 65 6c 79 20 | 64 69 73 70 65 72 73 65 | widely |disperse| |00002e40| 64 20 61 69 72 20 70 6f | 6c 6c 75 74 61 6e 74 73 |d air po|llutants| |00002e50| 20 61 72 65 20 64 65 73 | 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 69 | are des|cribed i| |00002e60| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 | 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e 79 69 |n the ac|companyi| |00002e70| 6e 67 20 74 61 62 6c 65 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6c 65 |ng table|. The le| |00002e80| 76 65 6c 20 69 73 20 75 | 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 67 |vel is u|sually g| |00002e90| 69 76 65 6e 20 69 6e 20 | 74 65 72 6d 73 20 6f 66 |iven in |terms of| |00002ea0| 20 61 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 | 65 72 69 63 20 63 6f 6e | atmosph|eric con| |00002eb0| 63 65 6e 74 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 28 6d 69 63 |centrati|ons (mic| |00002ec0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 | 6f 66 20 70 6f 6c 6c 75 |rograms |of pollu| |00002ed0| 74 61 6e 74 73 20 70 65 | 72 20 63 75 62 69 63 20 |tants pe|r cubic | |00002ee0| 6d 65 74 65 72 20 6f 66 | 20 61 69 72 29 20 6f 72 |meter of| air) or| |00002ef0| 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 67 61 | 73 65 73 2c 20 69 6e 20 |, for ga|ses, in | |00002f00| 74 65 72 6d 73 20 6f 66 | 20 70 61 72 74 73 20 70 |terms of| parts p| |00002f10| 65 72 20 6d 69 6c 6c 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 61 74 |er milli|on, that| |00002f20| 20 69 73 2c 20 6e 75 6d | 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 70 | is, num|ber of p| |00002f30| 6f 6c 6c 75 74 61 6e 74 | 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c |ollutant| molecul| |00002f40| 65 73 20 70 65 72 20 6d | 69 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 20 61 |es per m|illion a| |00002f50| 69 72 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 | 75 6c 65 73 2e 20 4d 61 |ir molec|ules. Ma| |00002f60| 6e 79 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 64 69 72 |ny come |from dir| |00002f70| 65 63 74 6c 79 20 69 64 | 65 6e 74 69 66 69 61 62 |ectly id|entifiab| |00002f80| 6c 65 20 73 6f 75 72 63 | 65 73 3b 20 73 75 6c 70 |le sourc|es; sulp| |00002f90| 68 75 72 20 64 69 6f 78 | 69 64 65 2c 20 66 6f 72 |hur diox|ide, for| |00002fa0| 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 2c 20 63 6f 6d 65 73 20 | example|, comes | |00002fb0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 65 6c 65 | 63 74 72 69 63 20 70 6f |from ele|ctric po| |00002fc0| 77 65 72 20 70 6c 00 00 | 03 aa 61 6e 74 73 20 62 |wer pl..|..ants b| |00002fd0| 75 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 63 | 6f 61 6c 20 6f 72 20 6f |urning c|oal or o| |00002fe0| 69 6c 2e 20 4f 74 68 65 | 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 66 |il. Othe|rs are f| |00002ff0| 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 74 68 | 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 |ormed th|rough th| |00003000| 65 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 73 75 6e 6c |e action| of sunl| |00003010| 69 67 68 74 20 6f 6e 20 | 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 73 |ight on |previous| |00003020| 6c 79 20 65 6d 69 74 74 | 65 64 20 72 65 61 63 74 |ly emitt|ed react| |00003030| 69 76 65 20 6d 61 74 65 | 72 69 61 6c 73 20 28 63 |ive mate|rials (c| |00003040| 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 70 72 | 65 63 75 72 73 6f 72 73 |alled pr|ecursors| |00003050| 29 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 |). For e|xample, | |00003060| 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 2c 20 61 | 20 64 61 6e 67 65 72 6f |ozone, a| dangero| |00003070| 75 73 20 70 6f 6c 6c 75 | 74 61 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 |us pollu|tant in | |00003080| 73 6d 6f 67 20 28 71 2e | 76 2e 29 20 2c 20 69 73 |smog (q.|v.) , is| |00003090| 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 | produce|d by the| |000030a0| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 61 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | interac|tion of | |000030b0| 68 79 64 72 6f 63 61 72 | 62 6f 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 |hydrocar|bons and| |000030c0| 20 6e 69 74 72 6f 67 65 | 6e 20 6f 78 69 64 65 73 | nitroge|n oxides| |000030d0| 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 6e 66 6c 75 | under t|he influ| |000030e0| 65 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 20 | 73 75 6e 6c 69 67 68 74 |ence of |sunlight| |000030f0| 2e 20 43 75 72 72 65 6e | 74 6c 79 20 6d 6f 72 65 |. Curren|tly more| |00003100| 20 74 68 61 6e 20 31 30 | 30 20 6d 69 6c 6c 69 6f | than 10|0 millio| |00003110| 6e 20 41 6d 65 72 69 63 | 61 6e 73 20 6c 69 76 65 |n Americ|ans live| |00003120| 20 69 6e 20 63 69 74 69 | 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | in citi|es that | |00003130| 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 6d | 65 65 74 20 70 75 62 6c |do not m|eet publ| |00003140| 69 63 20 68 65 61 6c 74 | 68 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 |ic healt|h standa| |00003150| 72 64 73 20 66 6f 72 20 | 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 2e 20 4f |rds for |ozone. O| |00003160| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6f 74 | 68 65 72 20 68 61 6e 64 |n the ot|her hand| |00003170| 2c 20 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 75 |, ozone |in the u| |00003180| 70 70 65 72 20 61 74 6d | 6f 73 70 68 65 72 65 20 |pper atm|osphere | |00003190| 69 73 20 61 20 70 72 6f | 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |is a pro|tection | |000031a0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 75 6e 27 73 20 75 |from the| sun's u| |000031b0| 6c 74 72 61 76 69 6f 6c | 65 74 20 72 61 79 73 2e |ltraviol|et rays.| |000031c0| 20 54 68 65 20 64 69 73 | 63 6f 76 65 72 79 20 69 | The dis|covery i| |000031d0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 31 39 | 38 30 73 20 74 68 61 74 |n the 19|80s that| |000031e0| 20 61 69 72 20 70 6f 6c | 6c 75 74 61 6e 74 73 20 | air pol|lutants | |000031f0| 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 | 66 6c 75 6f 72 6f 63 61 |such as |fluoroca| |00003200| 72 62 6f 6e 73 20 77 65 | 72 65 20 64 65 73 74 72 |rbons we|re destr| |00003210| 6f 79 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 20 |oying th|e ozone | |00003220| 6c 61 79 65 72 20 28 71 | 2e 76 2e 29 20 68 61 73 |layer (q|.v.) has| |00003230| 20 63 61 75 73 65 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 70 68 61 73 | caused |the phas| |00003240| 69 6e 67 20 6f 75 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 |ing out |of these| |00003250| 20 6d 61 74 65 72 69 61 | 6c 73 2e 0d 0d 0d 4d 65 | materia|ls....Me| |00003260| 74 65 6f 72 6f 6c 6f 67 | 79 20 61 6e 64 20 48 65 |teorolog|y and He| |00003270| 61 6c 74 68 20 45 66 66 | 65 63 74 73 2e 20 50 6f |alth Eff|ects. Po| |00003280| 6c 6c 75 74 61 6e 74 20 | 63 6f 6e 63 65 6e 74 72 |llutant |concentr| |00003290| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 72 65 64 75 63 |ations a|re reduc| |000032a0| 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 74 | 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 69 |ed by at|mospheri| |000032b0| 63 20 6d 69 78 69 6e 67 | 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |c mixing|, which | |000032c0| 64 65 70 65 6e 64 73 20 | 6f 6e 20 73 75 63 68 20 |depends |on such | |000032d0| 77 65 61 74 68 65 72 20 | 63 6f 6e 64 69 74 69 6f |weather |conditio| |000032e0| 6e 73 20 61 73 20 74 65 | 6d 70 65 72 61 74 75 72 |ns as te|mperatur| |000032f0| 65 2c 20 77 69 6e 64 20 | 73 70 65 65 64 2c 20 61 |e, wind |speed, a| |00003300| 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 20 73 75 6e 6c 69 67 68 |mount of| sunligh| |00003310| 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 6f 76 65 6d |t, and t|he movem| |00003320| 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 68 | 69 67 68 20 61 6e 64 20 |ent of h|igh and | |00003330| 6c 6f 77 20 70 72 65 73 | 73 75 72 65 20 73 79 73 |low pres|sure sys| |00003340| 74 65 6d 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 69 |tems and| their i| |00003350| 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 |nteracti|on with | |00003360| 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 63 61 | 6c 20 74 6f 70 6f 67 72 |the loca|l topogr| |00003370| 61 70 68 79 00 00 03 b8 | 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 65 78 |aphy....|, for ex| |00003380| 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 6d | 6f 75 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 |ample, m|ountains| |00003390| 20 61 6e 64 20 76 61 6c | 6c 65 79 73 2e 20 4e 6f | and val|leys. No| |000033a0| 72 6d 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 | 74 65 6d 70 65 72 61 74 |rmally, |temperat| |000033b0| 75 72 65 20 64 65 63 72 | 65 61 73 65 73 20 77 69 |ure decr|eases wi| |000033c0| 74 68 20 61 6c 74 69 74 | 75 64 65 2e 20 42 75 74 |th altit|ude. But| |000033d0| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 61 20 | 63 6f 6c 64 65 72 20 6c | when a |colder l| |000033e0| 61 79 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | 61 69 72 20 73 65 74 74 |ayer of |air sett| |000033f0| 6c 65 73 20 75 6e 64 65 | 72 20 61 20 77 61 72 6d |les unde|r a warm| |00003400| 20 6c 61 79 65 72 2c 20 | 70 72 6f 64 75 63 69 6e | layer, |producin| |00003410| 67 20 61 20 74 65 6d 70 | 65 72 61 74 75 72 65 20 |g a temp|erature | |00003420| 6f 72 20 74 68 65 72 6d | 61 6c 20 69 6e 76 65 72 |or therm|al inver| |00003430| 73 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 74 | 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 69 |sion, at|mospheri| |00003440| 63 20 6d 69 78 69 6e 67 | 20 69 73 20 72 65 74 61 |c mixing| is reta| |00003450| 72 64 65 64 20 61 6e 64 | 20 70 6f 6c 6c 75 74 61 |rded and| polluta| |00003460| 6e 74 73 20 6d 61 79 20 | 61 63 63 75 6d 75 6c 61 |nts may |accumula| |00003470| 74 65 20 6e 65 61 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 67 72 6f 75 |te near |the grou| |00003480| 6e 64 2e 20 49 6e 76 65 | 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 63 |nd. Inve|rsions c| |00003490| 61 6e 20 62 65 63 6f 6d | 65 20 73 75 73 74 61 69 |an becom|e sustai| |000034a0| 6e 65 64 20 75 6e 64 65 | 72 20 61 20 73 74 61 74 |ned unde|r a stat| |000034b0| 69 6f 6e 61 72 79 20 77 | 65 61 74 68 65 72 20 73 |ionary w|eather s| |000034c0| 79 73 74 65 6d 20 63 6f | 75 70 6c 65 64 20 77 69 |ystem co|upled wi| |000034d0| 74 68 20 6c 6f 77 20 77 | 69 6e 64 20 73 70 65 65 |th low w|ind spee| |000034e0| 64 73 2e 20 50 65 72 69 | 6f 64 73 20 6f 66 20 70 |ds. Peri|ods of p| |000034f0| 6f 6f 72 20 61 74 6d 6f | 73 70 68 65 72 69 63 20 |oor atmo|spheric | |00003500| 6d 69 78 69 6e 67 20 6f | 66 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 61 |mixing o|f only a| |00003510| 20 66 65 77 20 64 61 79 | 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 | few day|s, and s| |00003520| 6f 6d 65 74 69 6d 65 73 | 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 61 20 |ometimes| only a | |00003530| 66 65 77 20 68 6f 75 72 | 73 2c 20 63 61 6e 20 6c |few hour|s, can l| |00003540| 65 61 64 20 74 6f 20 68 | 69 67 68 20 63 6f 6e 63 |ead to h|igh conc| |00003550| 65 6e 74 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 68 61 |entratio|ns of ha| |00003560| 7a 61 72 64 6f 75 73 20 | 6d 61 74 65 72 69 61 6c |zardous |material| |00003570| 73 20 69 6e 20 68 69 67 | 68 2d 70 6f 6c 6c 75 74 |s in hig|h-pollut| |00003580| 69 6f 6e 20 61 72 65 61 | 73 20 61 6e 64 2c 20 75 |ion area|s and, u| |00003590| 6e 64 65 72 20 73 65 76 | 65 72 65 20 63 6f 6e 64 |nder sev|ere cond| |000035a0| 69 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 | 63 61 6e 20 72 65 73 75 |itions, |can resu| |000035b0| 6c 74 20 69 6e 20 69 6c | 6c 6e 65 73 73 20 61 6e |lt in il|lness an| |000035c0| 64 20 65 76 65 6e 20 64 | 65 61 74 68 2e 20 41 6e |d even d|eath. An| |000035d0| 20 69 6e 76 65 72 73 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 44 6f | inversi|on in Do| |000035e0| 6e 6f 72 61 2c 20 50 61 | 2e 2c 20 69 6e 20 31 39 |nora, Pa|., in 19| |000035f0| 34 38 20 63 61 75 73 65 | 64 20 72 65 73 70 69 72 |48 cause|d respir| |00003600| 61 74 6f 72 79 20 69 6c | 6c 6e 65 73 73 20 69 6e |atory il|lness in| |00003610| 20 6f 76 65 72 20 36 30 | 30 30 20 70 65 72 73 6f | over 60|00 perso| |00003620| 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6c | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |ns and l|ed to th| |00003630| 65 20 64 65 61 74 68 20 | 6f 66 20 32 30 2e 20 53 |e death |of 20. 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Relea|se of me| |000036a0| 74 68 79 6c 20 69 73 6f | 63 79 61 6e 61 74 65 20 |thyl iso|cyanate | |000036b0| 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 69 72 20 64 75 72 |into the| air dur| |000036c0| 69 6e 67 20 61 20 74 65 | 6d 70 65 72 61 74 75 72 |ing a te|mperatur| |000036d0| 65 20 69 6e 76 65 72 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 63 61 75 73 |e invers|ion caus| |000036e0| 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 69 73 61 73 74 65 72 20 |ed the d|isaster | |000036f0| 61 74 20 42 68 6f 70 61 | 6c 2c 20 49 6e 64 69 61 |at Bhopa|l, India| |00003700| 2c 20 69 6e 20 44 65 63 | 65 6d 62 65 72 20 31 39 |, in Dec|ember 19| |00003710| 38 34 2c 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 61 74 20 6c 65 61 73 |84, with| at leas| |00003720| 74 20 33 33 30 30 20 64 | 65 61 74 68 73 20 61 6e |t 3300 d|eaths an| |00003730| 00 00 03 c2 64 20 6d 6f | 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 |....d mo|re than | |00003740| 32 30 2c 30 30 30 20 69 | 6c 6c 6e 65 73 73 65 73 |20,000 i|llnesses| |00003750| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 65 66 | 66 65 63 74 73 20 6f 66 |. 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The co| |000039d0| 6d 62 75 73 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 61 6c |mbustion| of coal| |000039e0| 2c 20 6f 69 6c 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 67 61 73 6f 6c |, oil, a|nd gasol| |000039f0| 69 6e 65 20 61 63 63 6f | 75 6e 74 73 20 66 6f 72 |ine acco|unts for| |00003a00| 20 6d 75 63 68 20 6f 66 | 20 61 69 72 20 70 6f 6c | much of| air pol| |00003a10| 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 | 4d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 |lution. |More tha| |00003a20| 6e 20 38 30 20 70 65 72 | 63 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 |n 80 per|cent of | |00003a30| 74 68 65 20 73 75 6c 70 | 68 75 72 20 64 69 6f 78 |the sulp|hur diox| |00003a40| 69 64 65 2c 20 35 30 20 | 70 65 72 63 65 6e 74 20 |ide, 50 |percent | |00003a50| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6e | 69 74 72 6f 67 65 6e 20 |of the n|itrogen | |00003a60| 6f 78 69 64 65 73 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 33 30 20 74 |oxides, |and 30 t| |00003a70| 6f 20 34 30 20 70 65 72 | 63 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 |o 40 per|cent of | |00003a80| 74 68 65 20 70 61 72 74 | 69 63 75 6c 61 74 65 20 |the part|iculate | |00003a90| 6d 61 74 74 65 72 20 65 | 6d 69 74 74 65 64 20 74 |matter e|mitted t| |00003aa0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 61 74 | 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 65 |o the at|mosphere| |00003ab0| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 55 2e 53 2e 20 61 72 65 | in the |U.S. are| |00003ac0| 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 66 6f 73 | produce|d by fos| |00003ad0| 73 69 6c 2d 66 75 65 6c | 2d 66 69 72 65 64 20 65 |sil-fuel|-fired e| |00003ae0| 6c 65 63 74 72 69 63 20 | 70 6f 77 65 72 20 70 6c |lectric |power pl| |00003af0| 61 6e 74 73 2c 20 00 00 | 03 d2 69 6e 64 75 73 74 |ants, ..|..indust| |00003b00| 72 69 61 6c 20 62 6f 69 | 6c 65 72 73 2c 20 61 6e |rial boi|lers, an| |00003b10| 64 20 72 65 73 69 64 65 | 6e 74 69 61 6c 20 66 75 |d reside|ntial fu| |00003b20| 72 6e 61 63 65 73 2e 20 | 4e 69 6e 65 74 79 20 70 |rnaces. |Ninety p| |00003b30| 65 72 63 65 6e 74 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 |ercent o|f the ca| |00003b40| 72 62 6f 6e 20 6d 6f 6e | 6f 78 69 64 65 20 61 6e |rbon mon|oxide an| |00003b50| 64 20 61 6c 6d 6f 73 74 | 20 35 30 20 70 65 72 63 |d almost| 50 perc| |00003b60| 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 69 74 72 6f |ent of t|he nitro| |00003b70| 67 65 6e 20 6f 78 69 64 | 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 68 |gen oxid|es and h| |00003b80| 79 64 72 6f 63 61 72 62 | 6f 6e 73 20 63 6f 6d 65 |ydrocarb|ons come| |00003b90| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 62 75 | 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 67 61 | from bu|rning ga| |00003ba0| 73 6f 6c 69 6e 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 64 69 65 73 65 |soline a|nd diese| |00003bb0| 6c 20 66 75 65 6c 73 20 | 69 6e 20 63 61 72 73 20 |l fuels |in cars | |00003bc0| 61 6e 64 20 74 72 75 63 | 6b 73 2e 20 4f 74 68 65 |and truc|ks. 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On| |00005020| 63 65 20 62 65 67 75 6e | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 |ce begun|, the tr| |00005030| 65 6e 64 20 74 6f 77 61 | 72 64 20 77 61 72 6d 65 |end towa|rd warme| |00005040| 72 20 74 65 6d 70 65 72 | 61 74 75 72 65 73 20 63 |r temper|atures c| |00005050| 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 | 69 72 72 65 76 65 72 73 |ould be |irrevers| |00005060| 69 62 6c 65 2e 0d 0d 41 | 63 69 64 20 44 65 70 6f |ible...A|cid Depo| |00005070| 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 | 41 6c 73 6f 20 61 73 73 |sition. |Also ass| |00005080| 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 |ociated |with the| |00005090| 20 62 75 72 6e 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 66 20 66 6f 73 73 | burning| of foss| |000050a0| 69 6c 20 66 75 65 6c 73 | 20 69 73 20 61 63 69 64 |il fuels| is acid| |000050b0| 20 64 65 70 6f 73 69 74 | 69 6f 6e 2c 20 77 68 69 | deposit|ion, whi| |000050c0| 63 68 20 69 73 20 63 61 | 75 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 |ch is ca|used by | |000050d0| 74 68 65 20 65 6a 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |the ejec|tion of | |000050e0| 73 75 6c 70 68 75 72 20 | 64 69 6f 78 69 64 65 20 |sulphur |dioxide | |000050f0| 61 6e 64 20 6e 69 74 72 | 6f 75 73 20 6f 78 69 64 |and nitr|ous oxid| |00005100| 65 73 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 61 69 72 20 |es into |the air | |00005110| 66 72 6f 6d 20 70 6f 77 | 65 72 20 70 6c 61 6e 74 |from pow|er plant| |00005120| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 6f | 74 6f 72 20 76 65 68 69 |s and mo|tor vehi| |00005130| 63 6c 65 73 2e 20 54 68 | 65 73 65 20 63 68 65 6d |cles. Th|ese chem| |00005140| 69 63 61 6c 73 20 69 6e | 74 65 72 61 63 74 20 77 |icals in|teract w| |00005150| 69 74 68 20 73 75 6e 6c | 69 67 68 74 2c 20 6d 6f |ith sunl|ight, mo| |00005160| 69 73 74 75 72 65 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 6f 78 69 64 |isture, |and oxid| |00005170| 61 6e 74 73 20 74 6f 20 | 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 |ants to |produce | |00005180| 73 75 6c 70 68 75 72 69 | 63 20 61 6e 64 20 6e 69 |sulphuri|c and ni| |00005190| 74 72 69 63 20 61 63 69 | 64 73 2c 20 77 68 69 63 |tric aci|ds, whic| |000051a0| 68 20 61 72 65 20 63 61 | 72 72 69 65 64 20 77 69 |h are ca|rried wi| |000051b0| 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 |th the a|tmospher| |000051c0| 69 63 20 63 69 72 63 75 | 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 |ic circu|lation a| |000051d0| 6e 64 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 | 74 6f 20 65 61 72 74 68 |nd come |to earth| |000051e0| 20 69 6e 20 72 61 69 6e | 66 61 6c 6c 20 61 6e 64 | in rain|fall and| |000051f0| 20 73 6e 6f 77 66 61 6c | 6c 2c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f | snowfal|l, commo| |00005200| 6e 6c 79 20 72 65 66 65 | 72 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |nly refe|rred to | |00005210| 61 73 20 61 63 69 64 20 | 72 61 69 6e 20 28 71 2e |as acid |rain (q.| |00005220| 76 2e 29 20 20 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 61 73 20 64 72 |v.) , a|nd as dr| |00005230| 79 20 64 65 70 6f 73 69 | 74 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |y deposi|ts in th| |00005240| 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 6f | 66 20 64 72 79 20 70 61 |e form o|f dry pa| |00005250| 72 74 69 63 6c 65 73 20 | 61 6e 64 20 61 74 6d 6f |rticles |and atmo| |00005260| 73 70 68 65 72 69 63 20 | 67 61 73 65 73 2e 20 54 |spheric |gases. T| |00005270| 68 65 20 61 63 69 64 69 | 74 79 20 6f 66 20 73 6f |he acidi|ty of so| |00005280| 6d 65 20 70 72 65 63 69 | 70 69 74 61 74 69 6f 6e |me preci|pitation| |00005290| 20 69 6e 20 6e 6f 72 20 | 74 68 65 72 6e 20 4e 6f | in nor |thern No| |000052a0| 72 74 68 20 41 6d 65 72 | 69 63 61 20 61 6e 64 20 |rth Amer|ica and | |000052b0| 45 75 72 6f 70 65 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 65 71 |Europe i|s the eq| |000052c0| 75 69 76 61 6c 65 6e 74 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 61 74 |uivalent| of that| |000052d0| 20 6f 66 20 76 69 6e 65 | 67 61 72 2e 20 41 63 69 | of vine|gar. Aci| |000052e0| 64 20 72 61 69 6e 66 61 | 6c 6c 20 63 6f 72 72 6f |d rainfa|ll corro| |000052f0| 64 65 73 20 6d 65 74 61 | 6c 73 2c 20 77 65 61 74 |des meta|ls, weat| |00005300| 68 65 72 73 20 73 74 6f | 6e 65 20 62 75 69 6c 64 |hers sto|ne build| |00005310| 69 6e 67 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6d 6f 6e 75 6d 65 6e |ings and| monumen| |00005320| 74 73 2c 20 69 6e 6a 75 | 72 65 73 20 76 65 67 65 |ts, inju|res vege| |00005330| 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 61 63 69 64 |tation, |and acid| |00005340| 69 66 69 65 73 20 6c 61 | 00 00 03 44 6b 65 73 2c |ifies la|...Dkes,| |00005350| 20 73 74 72 65 61 6d 73 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 6f | streams|, and so| |00005360| 69 6c 73 2c 20 65 73 70 | 65 63 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 |ils, esp|ecially | |00005370| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 6f 6f 72 6c 79 20 62 75 |in the p|oorly bu| |00005380| 66 66 65 72 65 64 2c 20 | 67 6c 61 63 69 61 74 65 |ffered, |glaciate| |00005390| 64 2c 20 67 72 61 6e 69 | 74 69 63 20 72 65 67 69 |d, grani|tic regi| |000053a0| 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 6e | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 61 73 |ons of n|or theas| |000053b0| 74 65 72 6e 20 4e 6f 72 | 74 68 20 41 6d 65 72 69 |tern Nor|th Ameri| |000053c0| 63 61 20 61 6e 64 20 6e | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 72 6e |ca and n|or thern| |000053d0| 20 45 75 72 6f 70 65 2c | 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 6c | Europe,| where l| |000053e0| 61 6b 65 20 61 63 69 64 | 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f |ake acid|ificatio| |000053f0| 6e 20 68 61 73 20 6b 69 | 6c 6c 65 64 20 73 6f 6d |n has ki|lled som| |00005400| 65 20 66 69 73 68 20 70 | 6f 70 75 6c 61 74 69 6f |e fish p|opulatio| |00005410| 6e 73 2e 20 49 74 20 69 | 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 6e |ns. 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Acid |rain can| |00005470| 20 64 65 73 74 72 6f 79 | 20 61 71 75 61 74 69 63 | destroy| aquatic| |00005480| 20 6c 69 66 65 20 61 6e | 64 20 73 6c 6f 77 20 66 | life an|d slow f| |00005490| 6f 72 65 73 74 20 67 72 | 6f 77 74 68 3b 20 69 74 |orest gr|owth; it| |000054a0| 20 69 73 20 61 73 73 6f | 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 | is asso|ciated w| |000054b0| 69 74 68 20 66 6f 72 65 | 73 74 20 64 65 63 6c 69 |ith fore|st decli| |000054c0| 6e 65 20 61 74 20 68 69 | 67 68 20 65 6c 65 76 61 |ne at hi|gh eleva| |000054d0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e | 20 62 6f 74 68 20 4e 6f |tions in| both No| |000054e0| 72 74 68 20 41 6d 65 72 | 69 63 61 20 61 6e 64 20 |rth Amer|ica and | |000054f0| 45 75 72 6f 70 65 2e 20 | 41 63 69 64 20 72 61 69 |Europe. |Acid rai| |00005500| 6e 20 69 73 20 61 20 6d | 61 6a 6f 72 20 67 6c 6f |n is a m|ajor glo| |00005510| 62 61 6c 20 70 72 6f 62 | 6c 65 6d 2e 0d 0d 0d 46 |bal prob|lem....F| |00005520| 6c 75 6f 72 6f 63 61 72 | 62 6f 6e 73 2e 20 43 6f |luorocar|bons. Co| |00005530| 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 64 20 | 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |ntinued |use of t| |00005540| 68 65 20 69 6e 64 75 73 | 74 72 69 61 6c 20 63 68 |he indus|trial ch| |00005550| 65 6d 69 63 61 6c 73 20 | 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 63 |emicals |called c| |00005560| 68 6c 6f 72 6f 66 6c 75 | 6f 72 6f 63 61 72 62 6f |hloroflu|orocarbo| |00005570| 6e 73 20 28 43 46 43 73 | 3b 20 73 65 65 20 46 6c |ns (CFCs|; see Fl| |00005580| 75 6f 72 69 6e 65 29 2c | 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e |uorine),| used in| |00005590| 20 72 65 66 72 69 67 65 | 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 | refrige|ration, | |000055a0| 61 69 72 20 63 6f 6e 64 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 69 6e 67 |air cond|itioning| |000055b0| 2c 20 63 6c 65 61 6e 69 | 6e 67 20 73 6f 6c 76 65 |, cleani|ng solve| |000055c0| 6e 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 65 72 6f 73 6f 6c |nts, and| aerosol| |000055d0| 20 73 70 72 61 79 73 2c | 20 69 73 20 64 65 73 74 | sprays,| is dest| |000055e0| 72 6f 79 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 |roying t|he ozone| |000055f0| 20 6c 61 79 65 72 20 28 | 71 2e 76 2e 29 20 20 73 | layer (|q.v.) s| |00005600| 65 61 73 6f 6e 61 6c 6c | 79 20 6f 76 65 72 20 62 |easonall|y over b| |00005610| 6f 74 68 20 41 6e 74 61 | 72 63 74 69 63 61 20 61 |oth Anta|rctica a| |00005620| 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 41 | 72 63 74 69 63 20 72 65 |nd the A|rctic re| |00005630| 67 69 6f 6e 73 20 62 79 | 20 33 30 20 74 6f 20 34 |gions by| 30 to 4| |00005640| 30 20 70 65 72 63 65 6e | 74 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6f |0 percen|t. 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Chl|orine, a| |000056b0| 20 63 68 65 6d 69 63 61 | 6c 20 62 79 2d 70 72 6f | chemica|l by-pro| |000056c0| 64 75 63 74 20 6f 66 20 | 43 46 43 73 2c 20 61 74 |duct of |CFCs, at| |000056d0| 74 61 63 6b 73 20 6f 7a | 6f 6e 65 2c 20 77 68 69 |tacks oz|one, whi| |000056e0| 63 68 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 | 73 74 73 20 6f 66 20 74 |ch consi|sts of t| |000056f0| 68 72 65 65 20 6d 6f 6c | 65 63 75 6c 65 73 20 6f |hree mol|ecules o| |00005700| 66 20 6f 78 79 67 65 6e | 2c 20 62 79 20 74 61 6b |f oxygen|, by tak| |00005710| 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 65 20 | 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 |ing one |molecule| |00005720| 20 61 77 61 79 20 74 6f | 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 63 68 | away to| form ch| |00005730| 6c 6f 72 69 6e 65 20 6d | 6f 6e 6f 78 69 64 65 2e |lorine m|onoxide.| |00005740| 20 43 68 6c 6f 72 69 6e | 65 20 6d 6f 6e 6f 78 69 | Chlorin|e monoxi| |00005750| 64 65 20 74 68 65 6e 20 | 72 65 61 63 74 73 20 77 |de then |reacts w| |00005760| 69 74 68 20 6f 78 79 67 | 65 6e 20 61 74 6f 6d 73 |ith oxyg|en atoms| |00005770| 20 74 6f 20 66 6f 72 6d | 20 6f 78 79 67 65 6e 20 | to form| oxygen | |00005780| 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 6f |molecule|s and to| |00005790| 20 72 65 6c 65 61 73 65 | 20 63 68 6c 6f 72 69 6e | release| chlorin| |000057a0| 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 | 6c 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 |e molecu|les that| |000057b0| 20 62 72 65 61 6b 20 75 | 70 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | break u|p other | |000057c0| 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 6f 7a 6f |molecule|s of ozo| |000057d0| 6e 65 2e 20 41 20 74 68 | 69 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 6f |ne. A th|inning o| |000057e0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 6f 7a | 6f 6e 65 20 6c 61 79 65 |f the oz|one laye| |000057f0| 72 20 65 78 70 6f 73 65 | 73 20 6c 69 66 65 20 6f |r expose|s life o| |00005800| 6e 20 65 61 72 74 68 20 | 74 6f 20 65 78 63 65 73 |n earth |to exces| |00005810| 73 69 76 65 20 75 6c 74 | 72 61 76 69 6f 6c 65 74 |sive ult|raviolet| |00005820| 20 72 61 64 69 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 77 68 69 63 | radiati|on, whic| |00005830| 68 20 63 61 6e 20 69 6e | 63 72 65 61 73 65 20 73 |h can in|crease s| |00005840| 6b 69 6e 20 63 61 6e 63 | 65 72 20 61 6e 64 20 63 |kin canc|er and c| |00005850| 61 74 61 72 61 63 74 73 | 2c 20 72 65 64 75 63 65 |ataracts|, reduce| |00005860| 20 69 6d 6d 75 6e 65 20 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 72 | immune |system r| |00005870| 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 65 73 | 2c 20 69 6e 74 65 72 66 |esponses|, interf| |00005880| 65 72 65 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 68 6f |ere with| the pho| |00005890| 74 6f 73 79 6e 74 68 65 | 74 69 63 20 70 72 6f 63 |tosynthe|tic proc| |000058a0| 65 73 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 66 66 65 63 74 20 |ess, and| affect | |000058b0| 74 68 65 20 67 72 6f 77 | 74 68 20 6f 66 20 6f 63 |the grow|th of oc| |000058c0| 65 61 6e 69 63 20 70 68 | 79 74 6f 70 6c 61 6e 6b |eanic ph|ytoplank| |000058d0| 74 6f 6e 2e 20 42 65 63 | 61 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 |ton. Bec|ause of | |000058e0| 74 68 65 73 65 20 64 61 | 6e 67 65 72 6f 75 73 20 |these da|ngerous | |000058f0| 65 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e 6d | 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 65 66 |environm|ental ef| |00005900| 66 65 63 74 73 2c 20 6d | 61 6e 79 20 6e 61 74 69 |fects, m|any nati| |00005910| 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 77 6f 72 6b 69 6e 67 20 |ons are |working | |00005920| 74 6f 77 61 72 64 20 65 | 6c 69 6d 69 6e 61 74 69 |toward e|liminati| |00005930| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 61 6e 75 66 61 63 74 75 |ng the m|anufactu| |00005940| 72 65 20 61 6e 64 20 75 | 73 65 20 6f 66 20 43 46 |re and u|se of CF| |00005950| 43 73 20 61 74 20 6c 65 | 61 73 74 20 62 79 20 74 |Cs at le|ast by t| |00005960| 68 65 20 79 65 61 72 20 | 32 30 30 30 2c 20 62 75 |he year |2000, bu| |00005970| 74 20 72 69 64 64 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 61 74 |t riddin|g the at| |00005980| 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 65 | 20 28 71 2e 76 2e 29 20 |mosphere| (q.v.) | |00005990| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 43 46 43 73 20 61 6c 72 | of the |CFCs alr| |000059a0| 65 61 64 79 20 74 68 65 | 72 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |eady the|re will | |000059b0| 62 65 20 61 20 63 6f 73 | 74 6c 79 2c 20 69 66 20 |be a cos|tly, if | |000059c0| 6e 6f 74 20 69 6d 70 6f | 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 |not impo|ssible t| |000059d0| 61 73 6b 2e 0d 0d 0d 0d | 0d 4f 5a 4f 4e 45 20 4c |ask.....|.OZONE L| |000059e0| 41 59 45 52 2c 20 69 6e | 20 6e 61 74 75 72 65 2c |AYER, in| nature,| |000059f0| 20 61 20 72 65 67 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | a regio|n of the| |00005a00| 20 61 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 | 65 72 65 20 28 71 2e 76 | atmosph|ere (q.v| |00005a10| 2e 29 20 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 31 39 20 74 6f 20 34 |.) from| 19 to 4| |00005a20| 38 20 6b 6d 20 28 31 32 | 20 74 6f 20 33 30 20 6d |8 km (12| to 30 m| |00005a30| 69 29 20 61 62 6f 76 00 | 00 03 10 65 20 74 68 65 |i) abov.|...e the| |00005a40| 20 65 61 72 74 68 27 73 | 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 | earth's| surface| |00005a50| 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 | 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 20 63 6f |, where |ozone co| |00005a60| 6e 63 65 6e 74 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 |ncentrat|ions of | |00005a70| 61 73 20 6d 75 63 68 20 | 61 73 20 31 30 20 70 61 |as much |as 10 pa| |00005a80| 72 74 73 20 70 65 72 20 | 6d 69 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 20 |rts per |million | |00005a90| 6f 63 63 75 72 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 |occur. T|he ozone| |00005aa0| 20 66 6f 72 6d 73 20 74 | 68 65 72 65 20 62 79 20 | forms t|here by | |00005ab0| 74 68 65 20 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 73 75 |the acti|on of su| |00005ac0| 6e 6c 69 67 68 74 20 6f | 6e 20 6f 78 79 67 65 6e |nlight o|n oxygen| |00005ad0| 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 61 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 68 61 |. This a|ction ha| |00005ae0| 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 74 | 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 70 6c |s been t|aking pl| |00005af0| 61 63 65 20 66 6f 72 20 | 6d 61 6e 79 20 6d 69 6c |ace for |many mil| |00005b00| 6c 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 | 20 79 65 61 72 73 2c 20 |lions of| years, | |00005b10| 62 75 74 20 6e 61 74 75 | 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 6f 63 |but natu|rally oc| |00005b20| 63 75 72 72 69 6e 67 20 | 6e 69 74 72 6f 67 65 6e |curring |nitrogen| |00005b30| 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 75 6e | 64 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | compoun|ds in th| |00005b40| 65 20 61 74 6d 6f 73 70 | 68 65 72 65 20 61 70 70 |e atmosp|here app| |00005b50| 61 72 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 | 68 61 76 65 20 6b 65 70 |arently |have kep| |00005b60| 74 20 74 68 65 20 6f 7a | 6f 6e 65 20 63 6f 6e 63 |t the oz|one conc| |00005b70| 65 6e 74 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 61 74 20 61 20 66 |entratio|n at a f| |00005b80| 61 69 72 6c 79 20 73 74 | 61 62 6c 65 20 6c 65 76 |airly st|able lev| |00005b90| 65 6c 2e 20 43 6f 6e 63 | 65 6e 74 72 61 74 69 6f |el. Conc|entratio| |00005ba0| 6e 73 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 67 72 65 61 74 20 61 74 |ns this |great at| |00005bb0| 20 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 61 72 | ground |level ar| |00005bc0| 65 20 64 61 6e 67 65 72 | 6f 75 73 20 74 6f 20 68 |e danger|ous to h| |00005bd0| 75 6d 61 6e 20 68 65 61 | 6c 74 68 3b 20 62 75 74 |uman hea|lth; but| |00005be0| 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 7a 6f | because| the ozo| |00005bf0| 6e 65 20 6c 61 79 65 72 | 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 |ne layer| protect| |00005c00| 73 20 6c 69 66 65 20 6f | 6e 20 65 61 72 74 68 20 |s life o|n earth | |00005c10| 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 | 20 66 75 6c 6c 20 66 6f |from the| full fo| |00005c20| 72 63 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 75 6e 27 73 |rce of t|he sun's| |00005c30| 20 63 61 6e 63 65 72 2d | 63 61 75 73 69 6e 67 20 | cancer-|causing | |00005c40| 75 6c 74 72 61 76 69 6f | 6c 65 74 20 72 61 64 69 |ultravio|let radi| |00005c50| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 69 | 74 20 69 73 20 63 72 69 |ation, i|t is cri| |00005c60| 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e |tically |importan| |00005c70| 74 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 | 66 6f 72 65 2c 20 73 63 |t. There|fore, sc| |00005c80| 69 65 6e 74 69 73 74 73 | 20 77 65 72 65 20 63 6f |ientists| were co| |00005c90| 6e 63 65 72 6e 65 64 20 | 77 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 |ncerned |when the| |00005ca0| 79 20 64 69 73 63 6f 76 | 65 72 65 64 2c 20 69 6e |y discov|ered, in| |00005cb0| 20 74 68 65 20 31 39 37 | 30 73 2c 20 74 68 61 74 | the 197|0s, that| |00005cc0| 20 63 65 72 74 61 69 6e | 20 63 68 65 6d 69 63 61 | certain| chemica| |00005cd0| 6c 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 | 64 20 63 68 6c 6f 72 6f |ls calle|d chloro| |00005ce0| 66 6c 75 6f 72 6f 63 61 | 72 62 6f 6e 73 2c 20 6f |fluoroca|rbons, o| |00005cf0| 72 20 43 46 43 73 20 28 | 20 73 65 65 20 46 6c 75 |r CFCs (| see Flu| |00005d00| 6f 72 69 6e 65 29 be 6c | 6f 6e 67 20 75 73 65 64 |orine).l|ong used| |00005d10| 20 61 73 20 72 65 66 72 | 69 67 65 72 61 6e 74 73 | as refr|igerants| |00005d20| 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 | 61 65 72 6f 73 6f 6c 20 | and in |aerosol | |00005d30| 73 70 72 61 79 20 63 61 | 6e 73 20 28 20 73 65 65 |spray ca|ns ( see| |00005d40| 20 41 65 72 6f 73 6f 6c | 20 44 69 00 00 03 04 73 | Aerosol| Di....s| |00005d50| 70 65 6e 73 65 72 29 be | 70 6f 73 65 64 20 61 20 |penser).|posed a | |00005d60| 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 | 20 74 68 72 65 61 74 20 |possible| threat | |00005d70| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6f | 7a 6f 6e 65 20 6c 61 79 |to the o|zone lay| |00005d80| 65 72 2e 20 52 65 6c 65 | 61 73 65 64 20 69 6e 74 |er. Rele|ased int| |00005d90| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 61 74 | 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 65 |o the at|mosphere| |00005da0| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 | 6c 6f 72 69 6e 65 2d 63 |, the ch|lorine-c| |00005db0| 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 69 6e | 67 20 63 68 65 6d 69 63 |ontainin|g chemic| |00005dc0| 61 6c 73 20 72 69 73 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 72 65 |als rise| and are| |00005dd0| 20 62 72 6f 6b 65 6e 20 | 64 6f 77 6e 20 62 79 20 | broken |down by | |00005de0| 73 75 6e 6c 69 67 68 74 | 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 75 |sunlight|, whereu| |00005df0| 70 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 68 6c 6f 72 69 6e 65 |pon the |chlorine| |00005e00| 20 72 65 61 63 74 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e 64 | reacts |with and| |00005e10| 20 64 65 73 74 72 6f 79 | 73 20 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 20 | destroy|s ozone | |00005e20| 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 | 73 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 74 |molecule|s. For t| |00005e30| 68 69 73 20 72 65 61 73 | 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |his reas|on, the | |00005e40| 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 43 | 46 43 73 20 69 6e 20 61 |use of C|FCs in a| |00005e50| 65 72 6f 73 6f 6c 73 20 | 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e |erosols |has been| |00005e60| 20 62 61 6e 6e 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 55 | banned |in the U| |00005e70| 2e 53 2e 20 61 6e 64 20 | 65 6c 73 65 77 68 65 72 |.S. and |elsewher| |00005e80| 65 2e 20 4f 74 68 65 72 | 20 63 68 65 6d 69 63 61 |e. Other| chemica| |00005e90| 6c 73 2c 20 73 75 63 68 | 20 61 73 20 62 72 6f 6d |ls, such| as brom| |00005ea0| 69 6e 65 20 68 61 6c 6f | 63 61 72 62 6f 6e 73 20 |ine halo|carbons | |00005eb0| 61 6e 64 20 6e 69 74 72 | 6f 75 73 20 6f 78 69 64 |and nitr|ous oxid| |00005ec0| 65 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 66 65 72 74 69 6c 69 7a |es from |fertiliz| |00005ed0| 65 72 73 2c 20 6d 61 79 | 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 61 74 |ers, may| also at| |00005ee0| 74 61 63 6b 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 20 6c |tack the| ozone l| |00005ef0| 61 79 65 72 2e 20 46 6f | 72 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 |ayer. Fo|r severa| |00005f00| 6c 20 79 65 61 72 73 2c | 20 62 65 67 69 6e 6e 69 |l years,| beginni| |00005f10| 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 74 65 20 31 |ng in th|e late 1| |00005f20| 39 37 30 73 2c 20 72 65 | 73 65 61 72 63 68 20 73 |970s, re|search s| |00005f30| 63 69 65 6e 74 69 73 74 | 73 20 77 6f 72 6b 69 6e |cientist|s workin| |00005f40| 67 20 69 6e 20 41 6e 74 | 61 72 63 74 69 63 61 20 |g in Ant|arctica | |00005f50| 64 65 74 65 63 74 65 64 | 20 61 20 70 65 72 69 6f |detected| a perio| |00005f60| 64 69 63 20 6c 6f 73 73 | 20 6f 66 20 6f 7a 6f 6e |dic loss| of ozon| |00005f70| 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 |e in the| atmosph| |00005f80| 65 72 65 20 68 69 67 68 | 20 61 62 6f 76 65 20 74 |ere high| above t| |00005f90| 68 61 74 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 69 6e 65 6e 74 2e 20 54 |hat cont|inent. T| |00005fa0| 68 65 20 73 6f 2d 63 61 | 6c 6c 65 64 20 6f 7a 6f |he so-ca|lled ozo| |00005fb0| 6e 65 20 22 68 6f 6c 65 | 22 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f |ne "hole|" develo| |00005fc0| 70 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 41 6e 74 61 72 63 |ps in th|e Antarc| |00005fd0| 74 69 63 20 73 70 72 69 | 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 63 |tic spri|ng and c| |00005fe0| 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 73 | 20 66 6f 72 20 73 65 76 |ontinues| for sev| |00005ff0| 65 72 61 6c 20 6d 6f 6e | 74 68 73 20 62 65 66 6f |eral mon|ths befo| |00006000| 72 65 20 63 6c 6f 73 69 | 6e 67 20 75 70 20 61 67 |re closi|ng up ag| |00006010| 61 69 6e 2e 20 4f 74 68 | 65 72 20 73 74 75 64 69 |ain. Oth|er studi| |00006020| 65 73 2c 20 63 6f 6e 64 | 75 63 74 65 64 20 75 73 |es, cond|ucted us| |00006030| 69 6e 67 20 68 69 67 68 | 2d 61 6c 74 69 74 75 64 |ing high|-altitud| |00006040| 65 20 62 61 6c 6c 6f 6f | 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 20 77 |e balloo|ns and w| |00006050| 65 61 74 00 00 03 2a 68 | 65 72 20 73 61 74 65 6c |eat...*h|er satel| |00006060| 6c 69 74 65 73 2c 20 69 | 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 64 |lites, i|ndicated| |00006070| 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 76 65 72 61 6c | that th|e overal| |00006080| 6c 20 70 65 72 63 65 6e | 74 61 67 65 20 6f 66 20 |l percen|tage of | |00006090| 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 41 6e 74 |ozone in| the Ant| |000060a0| 61 72 63 74 69 63 20 6f | 7a 6f 6e 65 20 6c 61 79 |arctic o|zone lay| |000060b0| 65 72 20 69 73 20 61 63 | 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 |er is ac|tually d| |000060c0| 65 63 6c 69 6e 69 6e 67 | 2e 20 46 6c 69 67 68 74 |eclining|. Flight| |000060d0| 73 20 6f 76 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 41 72 63 74 69 |s over t|he Arcti| |000060e0| 63 20 72 65 67 69 6f 6e | 73 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 |c region|s found | |000060f0| 61 20 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 | 72 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 |a simila|r proble| |00006100| 6d 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f | 70 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |m develo|ping the| |00006110| 72 65 2e 20 49 6e 20 31 | 39 38 37 2c 20 61 20 74 |re. In 1|987, a t| |00006120| 72 65 61 74 79 20 66 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |reaty fo|r the pr| |00006130| 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |otection| of the | |00006140| 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 20 6c 61 | 79 65 72 20 77 61 73 20 |ozone la|yer was | |00006150| 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 61 | 6e 64 20 6c 61 74 65 72 |signed a|nd later| |00006160| 20 72 61 74 69 66 69 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 33 36 20 | ratifie|d by 36 | |00006170| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c | 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 69 |nations,| includi| |00006180| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 55 | 2e 53 2e 20 41 20 74 6f |ng the U|.S. A to| |00006190| 74 61 6c 20 62 61 6e 20 | 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 75 |tal ban |on the u| |000061a0| 73 65 20 6f 66 20 43 46 | 43 73 20 64 75 72 69 6e |se of CF|Cs durin| |000061b0| 67 20 74 68 65 20 31 39 | 39 30 73 20 77 61 73 20 |g the 19|90s was | |000061c0| 70 72 6f 70 6f 73 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 |proposed| by the | |000061d0| 45 75 72 6f 70 65 61 6e | 20 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 |European| Communi| |000061e0| 74 79 20 69 6e 20 31 39 | 38 39 2c 20 61 20 6d 6f |ty in 19|89, a mo| |000061f0| 76 65 20 65 6e 64 6f 72 | 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 55 |ve endor|sed by U| |00006200| 2e 53 2e 20 50 72 65 73 | 69 64 65 6e 74 20 47 65 |.S. Pres|ident Ge| |00006210| 6f 72 67 65 20 42 75 73 | 68 2e 20 49 6e 20 6f 72 |orge Bus|h. In or| |00006220| 64 65 72 20 74 6f 20 6d | 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 6f |der to m|onitor o| |00006230| 7a 6f 6e 65 20 64 65 70 | 6c 65 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |zone dep|letion o| |00006240| 6e 20 61 20 67 6c 6f 62 | 61 6c 20 6c 65 76 65 6c |n a glob|al level| |00006250| 2c 20 69 6e 20 31 39 39 | 31 20 4e 41 53 41 20 6c |, in 199|1 NASA l| |00006260| 61 75 6e 63 68 65 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 37 2d 74 6f |aunched |the 7-to| |00006270| 6e 20 55 70 70 65 72 20 | 41 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 |n Upper |Atmosphe| |00006280| 72 65 20 52 65 73 65 61 | 72 63 68 20 53 61 74 65 |re Resea|rch Sate| |00006290| 6c 6c 69 74 65 2e 20 4f | 72 62 69 74 69 6e 67 20 |llite. O|rbiting | |000062a0| 65 61 72 74 68 20 61 74 | 20 61 6e 20 61 6c 74 69 |earth at| an alti| |000062b0| 74 75 64 65 20 6f 66 20 | 36 30 30 20 6b 6d 20 28 |tude of |600 km (| |000062c0| 33 37 32 20 6d 69 29 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 61 |372 mi),| the spa| |000062d0| 63 65 63 72 61 66 74 20 | 6d 65 61 73 75 72 65 73 |cecraft |measures| |000062e0| 20 6f 7a 6f 6e 65 20 76 | 61 72 69 61 74 69 6f 6e | ozone v|ariation| |000062f0| 73 20 61 74 20 64 69 66 | 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 61 |s at dif|ferent a| |00006300| 6c 74 69 74 75 64 65 73 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 69 73 |ltitudes|, and is| |00006310| 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 66 | providi|ng the f| |00006320| 69 72 73 74 20 63 6f 6d | 70 6c 65 74 65 20 70 69 |irst com|plete pi| |00006330| 63 74 75 72 65 20 6f 66 | 20 75 70 70 65 72 20 61 |cture of| upper a| |00006340| 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 | 65 20 63 68 65 6d 69 73 |tmospher|e chemis| |00006350| 74 72 79 2e 20 0d 53 4d | 4f 47 2c 20 6d 69 78 74 |try. .SM|OG, mixt| |00006360| 75 72 65 20 6f 66 20 61 | 69 72 20 70 6f 6c 6c 75 |ure of a|ir pollu| |00006370| 74 61 6e 74 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 72 65 64 75 63 |tants th|at reduc| |00006380| 65 00 00 03 3f 73 20 6e | 61 74 75 72 61 6c 20 76 |e...?s n|atural v| |00006390| 69 73 69 62 69 6c 69 74 | 79 2c 20 6f 66 74 65 6e |isibilit|y, often| |000063a0| 20 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 | 70 65 72 69 6f 64 73 20 | during |periods | |000063b0| 6f 66 20 6c 6f 77 20 77 | 69 6e 64 20 73 70 65 65 |of low w|ind spee| |000063c0| 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 63 | 61 75 73 65 73 20 69 72 |d, and c|auses ir| |000063d0| 72 69 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |ritation| to the | |000063e0| 65 79 65 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 72 65 73 70 69 72 61 |eyes and| respira| |000063f0| 74 6f 72 79 20 74 72 61 | 63 74 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |tory tra|ct. 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